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Nothing is more exciting than spotting an owl in your backyard. These magnificent birds of prey are a beautiful sight to behold. If you’re an avid birdwatcher, you’re probably eager to identify which types of owls are visiting your property.
There are 19 types of owls in the United States, and you’ll find them all in this comprehensive guide. While these owls each have their preferred mating and migratory ranges, it is possible to spot a vagrant among each species in areas outside their known homes. If you see an owl outside of its regional zone, consider yourself lucky!
The legend below can be used to help you determine where each of the 19 owls of the United States lives during different parts of the year.
The 19 Owls in the United States
Barn Owl
Tyto alba
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Tytonidae
Size: 12.5-16 in. (32-40 cm)
Overview
Easily recognized by their pale heart-shaped faces, barn owls are some of the most widespread owls in the world. These owls thrive in deserts and grasslands, but can even be found in polar regions. Barn owls are especially common on farms, where they like to hunt for field mice among the crops in the morning and evening, and where they can take shelter in barns during the daytime. With their serrated wings, these fearsome predators fly noiselessly as they go in for the kill. Barn owls are monogamous, mating for life. They do not build nests but prefer to lay their eggs in the hollows of trees. The amount of food these birds receive has a direct impact on how many eggs they lay — the more voles, rats, and shrews they consume, the more owlets in their brood.
How to Identify
Barn owls are quite lanky compared to other owls. They have large hazel to brown eyes set in concave, heart-shaped faces that are surrounded by a delicate outline of pale brown feathers. Barn owls are milk white in color with tan and rust brown feathers on their backs and wings. These owls do not hoot but instead prefer to communicate via screeches.
Barn Owl Range & Migration Map
You can find the barn owl in all but the uppermost region of the U.S. Even though these birds are common throughout the nation, their population is dwindling somewhat due to habitation loss. Barn owls reside year-round as far south as Texas and Arizona, as far east as Pennsylvania, and all across the Pacific Northwest.
Barred Owl
Strix varia
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 19-22 in. (48.25-56 cm)
Overview
Masters of camouflage, barred owls can be tough to spot. Fortunately, their loud hooting calls “Who cooks for you? Who cooks for you all?” are easy to hear. Barred owls prefer to dwell in forests where they can track down rabbits, squirrels, and even raccoons. These owls saw a serious population boom in the 20th century, expanding their range to include forestland in the western states. Barred owls tend to stay close to home throughout their lives, often only traveling around a 6-mile radius. Like barn owls, barred owls are monogamous and do most of their hunting at night.
How to Identify
With their deep brown eyes and gentle round faces, barred owls look exactly as you would expect owls to look. These birds are covered in red-brown feathers with white horizontal stripes or bars. Barred owls are most commonly spotted on the edges of forests at dusk, where they can easily locate their prey.
Barred Owl Range & Migration Map
Once relegated to southeastern Canada and New England, the barred owl expanded westward. These owls can now be found in parts of Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Barred owls have become quite adaptable, and can be spotted in urban areas as well as rural regions. These birds are extremely territorial, with mated pairs getting into hooting matches with outsiders in order to defend their homes.
Boreal Owl
Aegolius funereus
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 9-10 in. (22.9-25.5 cm)
Overview
Small and elusive, boreal owls show the most sexual dimorphism of any other owl, with females growing twice as large as the males of the species. Boreal owls are difficult to track down because they roost in different trees every day. They’re also quiet, although males will begin hooting at night in the late winter and spring in order to attract a mate. Boreal owls are very small, about the size of a robin or blue jay. Like most other owls, their skulls are asymmetrical, with one ear opening perched higher than the other. This unique design enables boreal owls to accurately judge both height and distance when closing in on their prey.
How to Identify
With their round faces and red-brown feathers, boreal owls resemble barred owls, although they’re much smaller. These owls have large bright yellow eyes, giving them a surprised expression. As their name suggests, boreal owls prefer to reside in boreal forests full of spruce, pine, and fir trees. Boreal owls are most active at night when they track down small mammals and insects.
Boreal Owl Range & Migration Map
You can find boreal owls in Washington, Idaho, and Montana, though their range goes as far south as the northernmost region of New Mexico. Boreal owls love to perch in conifer and evergreen trees. Deforestation has led to a decline in habitat for these shy owls. But, while they can be tough to find, they have been known to use nesting boxes, so installing a few on your property can greatly increase your chances of spotting one.
Burrowing Owl
Athene cunicularia
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 7.5-9.8 in (19-25 cm)
Overview
These small owls live in grasslands and deserts where they enjoy feeding on insects, small mammals, and reptiles. Burrowing owls are among only a handful of owls that prefer to hunt during the daytime, spending their nights tucked away in their dens. When burrows are not available to them, these highly adaptable birds make their homes in buckets, pipes, and tubing. Burrowing owls have a higher tolerance for carbon dioxide than other birds, enabling them to spend more time huddled up in a small space. These birds cleverly use dung to carpet their dens, which invites insects to visit, providing the birds with an easy meal. Burrowing owls have also been known to hoard shiny objects, such as bottle caps, paper clips, and bits of tin foil.
How to Identify
Burrowing owls have long legs and an upright posture. They also have vivid yellow eyes and although their red-brown plumage resembles both the barred and boreal owls, the fact that they live on the ground makes it easy to differentiate between these species. Burrowing owls are pretty quiet, with males producing high-pitched “coo-coos” to defend their territories and attract mates.
Burrowing Owl Range & Migration Map
As their name suggests, burrowing owls make their homes in underground burrows, usually left behind by prairie dogs. You can find burrowing owls year-round throughout the southwest, predominantly in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. However, this owl’s breeding range extends much farther north, up to Washington, Montana, and North Dakota.
Eastern Screech-Owl
Megascops asio
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 6-10 in. (16-25 cm)
Overview
Featuring 5 subspecies, eastern screech-owls are small birds maxing out at just under 10-inches in length. These owls are monogamous and less skittish than other owls, frequently living in nesting boxes and even using birdbaths to wash up. Eastern screech-owls are typically easy to spot because they prey on songbirds during the daytime. This little raptor’s size proves deceptive. These are highly territorial birds, even from a young age. Young eastern screech-owls will fight amongst themselves for food, and may even kill the smallest and weakest of their siblings — an act known as siblicide that is common in birds of prey.
How to Identify
Eastern screech-owls are short, stocky birds with small heads and square tails. These owls occur in gray morphs and red (or rufous) morphs, with some owls exhibiting brown plumage. The color of each eastern screech-owl depends on the type of forest it resides in, as its coloring helps to camouflage it from potential predators. These are very vocal owls that use trilling calls to attract mates and communicate with their families. Their distinctive whinny-like screeches are hard to miss!
Eastern Screech-Owl Range & Migration Map
Eastern screech-owls prefer to live in forests but are often happy to live in urban areas, too. You can find the eastern screech-owl from Vermont to Montana, in a broad range sweeping all the way down to Texas and back across the states to Florida. These birds can be found in wooded, rural, and suburban settings.
Elf Owl
Micrathene whitneyi
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 5.25-5.75 in. (13.3 -14.5 cm)
Overview
One of the smallest owls in the world, the elf owl is less than 6 inches in length and only weighs about 45 grams. Because of their humble size, the elf owl mostly preys on insects and small reptiles like lizards. Elf owls make their nests in trees, and the nests frequently become overrun with ants, who like to feed on the resident elf owl’s leftovers. But, cleverly, these owls have been known to bring small thread snakes back to their nests, allowing the reptiles to feed on the pesky insects. Mated elf owl pairs often gang up on local predators to protect their nests, a process called mobbing. It’s not uncommon to see groups of these little owls attacking squirrels, songbirds, and larger owls to keep their young safe.
How to Identify
Elf owls are smaller than a smartphone, with brown plumage accented with white and orange spots. These birds have distinctive yipping calls that make them sound like small dogs or puppies. Elf owls prefer to hunt at night and like to hang around bright lights, which attract insects. They make their homes in the hollowed-out cacti and scrub brush of the desert.
Elf Owl Range & Migration Map
Even though these owls do not make the U.S. their permanent residence, preferring to live in Mexico, they do migrate to the southwest during the breeding season. If you live in southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, or west Texas, keep your eyes peeled for these tiny raptors in the spring and summer months.
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl
Glaucidium brasilianum
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 6.75 – 7.5 in (17 – 19 cm)
Overview
Named for its iron-colored plumage, the ferruginous pygmy owl feeds mostly on insects like grasshoppers and cicadas, though it will also prey on small reptiles and even scorpions. At a measly 7-inches in length, these owls have been spotted hunting down birds equal to their own size, including cardinals, meadowlarks, and grosbeaks. A pair of dark spots on the back of the ferruginous pygmy owl’s head confuses its prey. These owls prefer to make their homes in cactus holes, where they rear their young. Ferruginous pygmy owls can lay anywhere from 1 to 7 eggs at a time, and adult owls can fly an impressive 30 to 35 miles per hour.
How to Identify
The ferruginous pygmy owl is a small, stout bird with a little head and bright yellow eyes. These owls are predominantly brown in color with cream-colored feathers down their fronts interspersed with red-brown ones. Ferruginous pygmy owls have disproportionately large feet with long, sharp talons. Their calls consist of simple “hoo-hoos” in the key of E flat, and they are most active during the daytime.
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Range & Migration Map
The ferruginous pygmy owl can only be seen in the southernmost tip of Texas and in the southern and south-central portions of Arizona. They are most widespread in neotropical lowlands, where they can find their preferred prey in abundance. Unfortunately, this rare owl is seeing a decline in population due to habitation loss caused by urbanization.
Flammulated Owl
Psiloscops flammeolus
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 6-6.5 in. (15-17 cm)
Overview
Though these owls only measure around 6 inches in length, they have a large wingspan for their size, measuring 14-inches from wingtip to wingtip. Their long, powerful wings enable them to fly quickly between the treetops of their forest homes. These owls eat bugs almost exclusively, preferring moths and butterflies above other insects. In fact, this proclivity for insects may account for why these owls migrate south during the winter months. Flammulated owls are monogamous, choosing one mate for life. Mated pairs raise 2 to 4 owlets at a time in nests that are not lined with any sort of bedding material. Unlike most owls, who prefer to keep to themselves, flammulated owls form loose colonies — likely for protection since they’re so small.
How to Identify
Featuring feathers in shades of gray and brown with rust red tips along its wings, and distinctive flame-like markings on its face (hence its name), this owl is incredibly well-camouflaged. The best way to find a flammulated owl is by listening to its call. The flammulated owl has a much lower-pitch call than you would expect from such a small owl. This acts as a defense mechanism, tricking potential predators into thinking they’re much bigger than they really are.
Flammulated Owl Range & Migration Map
When it comes to tracking down flammulated owls, birdwatchers have their work cut out for them. Because these owls prefer to spend their time perched on the tops of tall conifers searching for bugs, they can be difficult to find. These birds migrate through west Texas and New Mexico and have a scattered breeding range that includes parts of California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado, where they live from late April or early May to August.
Great Gray Owl
Strix nebulosa
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 25-33 in. (63.5-84 cm)
Overview
At 33-inches long, great gray owls are the largest species of owl in the world in terms of length, with females being slightly larger than males. These birds have an impressive wingspan averaging around 5 feet. But, even though this owl looks quite large, it actually isn’t that big — it’s mostly feathers. Unlike great horned owls, which can weigh up to 5.5 pounds, great gray owls are padded out with dense plumage and weigh just 3.75 pounds. Their light weight allows them to fly quietly as they scour the forest floor in search of food. Their asymmetrical ear openings enable them to track their prey while their powerful feet and talons can clear through densely-packed snow to capture rodents and small mammals tunneling beneath it.
How to Identify
With its gray feathers and haunting expression, the great gray owl has also been dubbed the Phantom of the North. This steel to brown-gray owl has a sooty appearance with amber yellow eyes and large disks surrounding them, giving them an appropriately wise expression. Just beneath the bird’s beak lies a white “bowtie” that tapers to rounded ends. The great gray owl uses deep, rhythmic “whoo-whoos” to guard its territories and communicate with its family.
Great Gray Owl Range & Migration Map
Great gray owls can be found year-round in boreal forests in the northernmost states. Look for these beautiful birds of prey in Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, and New York. You’re also likely to spot them in California, Oregon, Idaho, and even parts of Wyoming and Utah.
Great Horned Owl
Bubo virginianus
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 18-26 in. (46-63 cm)
Overview
Far from meek, Great Horned owls have been known to hunt other birds of prey, including ospreys, peregrines, and even other owls. With their strong talons, these birds can exert 28-pounds of force allowing them to tackle larger prey. Great orned owls are a major threat to other birds, especially jays and crows. In fact, if you ever hear a large group of these birds making a fuss, there’s a good chance it’s because a great horned owl has gotten too close to their nests. The great horned owl’s plumage is ultra-soft, and this provides the animals with several benefits. For starters, it protects them from the harsh cold. But it also muffles sound, allowing them to fly silently as they swoop down on their prey. Interestingly, although the females of the species are larger than the males, females have higher-pitched voices, and mated pairs often synchronize their calls.
How to Identify
The great horned owl is easily identified by a matching pair of tufts on either side of its head, giving it a horned appearance. They have gray to red-brown barred plumage and golden yellow eyes that do not move within the sockets. These birds can rotate their heads 180 degrees to see and hear what’s going on around them. Facial feather discs help direct soundwaves to their ears, allowing them to track their prey, and their wide wings enable them to fly deftly, with serrated primary feathers dispersing turbulence and softer feathers muffling sound.
Great Horned Owl Range & Migration Map
These magnificent owls can be found in every state in the nation except Hawaii. These owls are native to the Americas, and they’re highly adaptable, dwelling in forested, rural, and urban areas alike. While you’re liable to see a great horned owl just about anywhere, keep your eyes peeled near wooded areas, especially along treelines as these birds like to perch near open fields to find their prey.
Long-Eared Owl
Asio otus
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 14-16 in. (35-40 cm)
Overview
At 15 inches in length and with an impressive wingspan of 39 inches, the long-eared owl has been known to steal nests away from jays and crows to raise their own young. This somewhat elusive owl can be tough to find, preferring to seek shelter in dense woodlands. And, unfortunately, its population has declined 91% since 1970. Unlike most owls, long-eared owls are not very territorial and prefer to rely on their camouflage to hide from potential predators. When confronted, most long-eared owls simply fly away. Because these birds can be skittish, they can be tough for birdwatchers to track down. But if you are lucky enough to spot a long-eared owl, keep your eyes peeled for more — long-eared owls roost in groups of 6 to 50.
How to Identify
At first glance, the long-eared owl greatly resembles the great horned owl. But a closer inspection reveals that long-eared owls possess a distinctive V-shaped feather pattern on their faces. The tufts of feathers that make up their face disks surround bright orange eyes, giving them a surprised expression. The second set of feather tufts sitting on top of their heads gives them their iconic long-eared appearance These are lanky birds that have tan faces with variegated plumage in shades of brown, tan, gray, and white.
Long-Eared Owl Range & Migration Map
Long-eared owls live year-round in Wyoming, Nevada, Colorado, Arizona, New York, Michigan, and Wisconsin. During the breeding season, these birds venture farther north to Montana, North Dakota, and Minnesota. These birds can be spotted in all but the southernmost portion of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. Long-eared owls prefer to live in open spaces that have dense clusters of scattered trees, providing them with a safe place to seek shelter as they hunt for small mammals.
Northern Hawk Owl
Surnia ulula
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 13.5-17.5 in. (33.5-44.4 cm)
Overview
As birds of prey, owls must rely on all of their senses to close in on a kill. But the northern hawk owl prefers to hunt by sight and can spot its prey from an amazing distance of half a mile away. These owls have poorer hearing than most others because their ear openings are not asymmetrical. Still, they can track small mammals beneath a foot of snow if need be. As their name implies, the northern hawk owl prefers to stick to the northernmost portion of North America, but stragglers have been known to find their way south as food becomes scarce. Northern hawk owls nest in dead trees and hollow stumps, where they raise clutches of 3 to 11 eggs at a time. Fearless and confrontational, northern hawk owls will attack anything that wanders too close to their nesting sites, whether it’s a squirrel or a human.
How to Identify
Hawk owls look like owls, but act like hawks, perching in treetops and searching for their prey right out in the open during the daylight hours. These owls are characterized by long tails and small round heads surrounded by a border of dark brown feathers. Their vibrant yellow eyes and beaks stand in stark contrast to their red-brown feathers. Northern hawk owls have nearly solid brown backs and striped fronts and use shrill rolling whistles to attract potential mates.
Northern Hawk Owl Range & Migration Map
These magnificent birds do not live in the United States year-round, but they do like to spend their winters here. You can find the northern hawk owl in the forests of the northernmost states, including New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York all the way to the west, in Washington, Idaho, and Montana.
Northern Pygmy-Owl
Glaucidium gnoma
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 6.5-7.3 in (16.5-18.5 cm)
Overview
These owls are a favorite among birdwatchers because they prefer to hunt during the daytime. This, coupled with their courageous nature, makes them easier to spot compared to more skittish members of the species. Northern pygmy owls are generally unafraid of humans, and will happily nest in urban areas. This is likely due to the fact that humans set up bird feeders to attract songbirds — the northern pygmy owl’s favorite food. These owls ambush their prey and store their leftovers on thorns and spikes to come back to later. Northern pygmy owls are such a threat to smaller birds that wrens, jays, and even hummingbirds will mob them to chase them away. Though these birds are only about as long as a butterknife, they’ve been known to attack prey much larger than themselves, including chickens. Because northern pygmy owls lack the substantive facial disks needed to improve hearing, they rely on their keen eyesight to track their prey.
How to Identify
At just 7 inches long, northern pygmy owls are quite small, but don’t let their size fool you. These are tough, tenacious little birds! Adults are gray, brown, or red-brown in color with white spotted heads and dark wings, tails, and breasts. Like ferruginous pygmy owls, northern pygmy owls have dark spots on the backs of their heads that look like another set of eyes. This helps to confuse both prey and predators. The best way to find a northern pygmy owl is to track its high-pitched tooting calls.
Northern Pygmy-Owl Range & Migration Map
These owls are somewhat adaptable, moving into cityscapes as their native mountain forests become less available. Unfortunately, however, these owls don’t often make their homes in nesting boxes, so these are an ineffective means of attracting them. You can find northern pygmy owls throughout the western states, in California, Oregon, and Idaho, and farther south in Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Northern Saw-whet Owl
Aegolius acadicus
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 8-8.5 in. (20.3-21.5 cm)
Overview
These owls are short and compact. At just 8 inches in length and with a wingspan of 22 inches, northern saw-whet owls are among the smallest owls in the United States. Northern saw-whet owls like to prey on deer mice, using their sharp beaks to tear their prey into smaller pieces, breaking up a single mouse into several meals. Because these owls are nocturnal, and because they’re so small, they can be difficult to track. But their sharp cries make it easier to locate them in their forest homes. Northern saw-whet owls are mostly solitary creatures, only socializing with their mates. Females have been known to have two mates, leaving the first to raise a brood with the second. These owls have porphyrin pigments in their feathers, and when illuminated with a UV light, the ventral side of the wings shows a neon pink color. This helps researchers determine an owl’s age.
How to Identify
Named because its call sounds like a saw being sharpened on a whetstone, saw-whet owls have small heads and cat-like faces with relatively large yellow eyes. With rust-colored backs, breasts, and wings, northern saw-whet owls have spotted heads and distinctive Y-shaped markings on their faces. These owls use a variety of vocalizations to communicate. They’re most easily identified by their shrill “too-too-too” calls, which they use to attract mates. The cries of northern saw-whet owls are so loud that they can be heard nearly 1,000 feet away.
Northern Saw-whet Owl Range & Migration Map
One of the most common owls in the U.S., the northern saw-whet prefers to dwell in mountain forests. They can be found year-round in California, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado, and in the northeastern states, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, and all the way through to Maine. These owls can be seen in other territories, too, during non-breeding times. It’s not unheard of to see northern saw-whet owls throughout the midwest, including Kansas, Missouri, and Illinois.
Short-eared Owl
Asio flammeus
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 14.5-15 in. (37-38 cm)
Overview
A classic birdwatcher favorite, short-eared owls hunt during the daytime and can be found throughout the United States. These owls are some of the few that prefer to build their own nests. Females construct their bowl-shaped nests in the ground, lining them with feathers, grasses, and other soft materials before laying clutches of 4 to 7 eggs. Short-eared owls have very distinctive flight patterns, with irregular wingbeats similar to that of bats or moths. These birds are typically 17 inches in length and have wingspans of up to 43 inches. They use their powerful wings to stay upright as they swoop feet-first to capture their prey, which consists of small mammals, rodents, reptiles, and amphibians. Short-eared owls sometimes dine on songbirds and will tear the wings off before swallowing them whole.
How to Identify
The ear tufts of the short-eared owl are situated towards the center of their heads, and they’re so short that sometimes they may not be visible at all. Short-eared owls have tawny plumage on their backs and wings with tan bellies that are interspersed with vertical dark brown streaks. Tailfeathers are barred. These owls have small, round faces with pale tan to creamy white facial disks accented by black-brimmed yellow eyes. Short-eared owls use sharp “waowk-waowk-waowk” calls to communicate and “eeee-yerp” cries during the mating season.
Short-eared Owl Range & Migration Map
Excellent long-distance fliers, short-eared owls have been reported landing on watercraft hundreds of miles from shore. These birds will fly over the ocean and land to reach their breeding grounds in northern Canada. You can find short-eared owls living year-round in the north and northwest portions of the United States. But, because they travel regularly, you can spot stragglers in nearly every state in the nation. These birds prefer to dwell in open areas, including grasslands, marshes, and farmland.
Snowy Owl
Bubo scandiacus
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 20.5-27.9 in. (52-71 cm)
Overview
Snowy owls are the heaviest owls, with adults averaging between 3 and 5 pounds. Their dense plumage makes them weightier, but it also allows them to withstand the cold temperatures of the Arctic tundra. These are powerful birds at roughly 28 inches long with a wingspan of 57 inches. They’re aggressive, too, using their sharp talons and strong feet to defend their territories from predators and competitors. These owls hunt almost exclusively during the daytime and can eat more than 1,600 lemmings in a year. Their voracious appetites can have a devastating impact on their food supply, but these skilled fliers are willing and able to fly south in search of prey. Snowy owl populations have declined 64% since 1970 due to illegal hunting and vehicle collisions, as well as climate change.
How to Identify
Juveniles of the species have brown and black markings over a base of white plumage. As these birds age, they lose most of their markings. At maturity, males will be almost pure white, with females retaining some of their patternings. These owls have hoarse voices and use a variety of calls, the most frequent of which is a rhythmic “krooh-krooh-krooh-krooh”.
Snowy Owl Range & Migration Map
Snowy owls don’t live in the United States all year long, however, they do winter in the northern states. You can see snowy owls from Washington all the way across to Maine. In years when their preferred prey was especially limited, snowy owls were sighted as far south as Florida, so it’s possible to spot one of these beauties no matter where you are in the U.S.
Spotted Owl
Strix occidentalis
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 17-19 in. (43-48 cm)
Overview
Spotted owls make their nests in hollow trees, rock crevices, and old nests left behind by other birds of prey. It’s estimated that less than 15,000 of these birds remain in the U.S. and Canada, despite federal efforts to protect them. Spotted owls are currently classified as near-threatened, and are dwindling at a steady pace due to habitat loss. These owls are “sit-and-wait” hunters, preferring to watch for prey from the safety of a tree branch, and swoop down on it when they feel the time is right. They feed on gophers, squirrels, and deer mice, as well as other small mammals. When prey is abundant, spotted owls store caches of leftovers in cool places, like fallen logs or moss-covered rocks. These owls use deep hooting calls to communicate with each other when they hunt at night.
How to Identify
Spotted owls have large, deep brown eyes. They’re so dark that, from a distance, it can be difficult to differentiate between pupil and iris. Often, all you see is a pair of black spots peering out at you from beneath brown feathers. These birds have wise, round faces, and ash-brown to red-brown plumage, with white spots on their heads. Though their tail and primary feathers are barred, breast feathers are spotted. Overall, spotted owls are mostly brown with very little contrast, allowing them to blend in well with their forest surroundings.
Spotted Owl Range & Migration Map
There are three subspecies of spotted owls. Mexican spotted owls can be seen throughout parts of the southwest, including Arizona and New Mexico, while California spotted owls can be found in (where else?) California. Northern spotted owls live throughout the Pacific Northwest, along the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and northern California. Spotted owls generally stay close to home and live in these regions year-round.
Western Screech-Owl
Megascops kennicottii
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 7.5-9.5 in. (19-24 cm)
Overview
These are small owls, maxing out at just 9 inches in length and with wingspans of roughly 24 inches. But, don’t let their small stature deceive you. These birds are serious predators, regularly seeking out prey many times their own size. While western screech-owls feed on rodents, small birds, earthworms, and other bugs, they’ve also been seen preying on rabbits. Western screech-owls like to sit close to where limbs meet the tree trunk, so they can huddle up against them in order to camouflage themselves from predators and prey. These are opportunistic predators who like an easy meal, but, when determined, they will also chase their prey down, sometimes grabbing birds and insects midflight.
How to Identify
Western screech-owls look much like eastern screech-owls, with adult morphs in Great Plains, Mexican, Mojave, brown Pacific, and gray Pacific colorations. They have gray and brown plumage with no hint of red. Western screech-owls have small, round heads with ear tufts and vivid yellow eyes. Contrary to what their name would lead you to believe, western screech-owls usually don’t screech. Instead, they use short whistles and trills to communicate with each other.
Western Screech-Owl Range & Migration Map
These owls are highly adaptable, making their homes in a variety of regions, including deserts, grasslands, forests, and urban areas. You can find western screech-owls all across the west coast, drifting inward a bit to Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and parts of Texas. If you live in one of these regions, try installing a nesting box to attract a western screech-owl to your backyard.
Whiskered Screech-Owl
Megascops trichopsis
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Size: 6.3-7.9 in. (16-20 cm)
Overview
Particularly hard to track down and observe, not much is known about whiskered screech-owls. Very few nests have been found because they live at high elevations at around 5,000 feet. What is known about whiskered screech-owls is that they are excellent hunters, sitting on perches to locate prey, and swooping on small birds and insects midflight. Whiskered screech-owls are most active at night, coming out at dusk to hunt. Grasshoppers, katydids, beetles, moths, and scorpions make up the bulk of their diet. These owls make their homes in tree hollows and old nests left behind by other birds (usually woodpeckers). They lay 3 or 4 eggs in a clutch in nests roughly 22 feet off the ground. It’s thought that less than 500 of these birds exist today, with populations declining as their native habitat decreases.
How to Identify
Whiskered screech-owls resemble their eastern and western cousins. They have gray to brown plumage, with some birds taking on a rust-red hue. Whiskered screech-owls have golden-green eyes, small ear tufts, and whisker-like feathers surrounding dark gray beaks. The rhythmic cries of the whiskered screech-owl sound like Morse code, with males using “ook-ook-ook-ook” calls. Females have higher-pitched voices, and often sing duets with their mates.
Whiskered Screech-Owl Range & Migration Map
This rare owl can only be found in the oaks, pines, and sycamores of the Sky Islands mountains in southwest New Mexico and southeast Arizona. Because these owls are so small, it’s best to listen to their calls to track them down. Whiskered screech-owls tend to live at high elevations, and although they’re difficult to see in the U.S., they’re somewhat easier to find in Mexico, which is home to most of their natural habitat.
How to Attract Owls of the United States to Your Backyard
While some owls, like the boreal owl and the whiskered screech-owl, avoid humans and can be tough to find, other owls, like the barred owl and eastern and western screech-owls, are much easier to attract.
Install nesting boxes on trees, poles, and fences to encourage your neighborhood owls to take up residence on your property. Leaving brush, wood piles, and old lawn trimmings provides homes for voles, field mice, rabbits, gophers, and snakes. Having plenty of these critters nearby is a surefire way to get your local owls’ attention.
Because many owls like to feed on songbirds and squirrels, setting up a bird feeder and getting a bird bath can also encourage owls to pay you a visit. Of course, some birds work to scare owls off. Jays, crows, blackbirds, grackles, and starlings regularly mob owls, so take measures to scare these birds away — take down starling nesting boxes, and remove cracked corn and peanuts from your feeders, which are the preferred foods of these birds.
Owls love to sit on poles and in leafless trees because they make it easier for them to spot prey. Make sure your owls have plenty of spots to perch on. You can also attract these birds by limiting your outdoor activity, especially in the early morning and late evening hours when they like to hunt. Together, all of these measures will help your neighborhood owls feel right at home in your backyard.
All State Owls
Want to see what owl species are found in other states? Here’s our complete list of owls found in each state:
